Abstract: Creative thinking, identifying new solutions, taking risks, the proactive attitude, initiative, self-esteem, social and innovative intentions to contribute to societal well-being are competencies listed down in the Learning Compass (OECD, 2019a). Such abilities can be connected with social entrepreneurial competence. Meaningful constructs for the social entrepreneurial competence are: risk taking, self-esteem, personal creativity (Scale of Konakli & Göğüş, 2013), as well as personal traits, social characteristics, and characteristics of social initiative (Scale of Capella-Peris et al., 2019), scales used also in this article.
The teachers, as role models for their students, have to demonstrate this competence in order to scaffold it effectively in their students’ minds. We aim to identify to what extent the students in educational sciences in Romania, who will become teachers, demonstrate abilities on this dimension during their BA initial teacher education. Thus, we investigated elements of social entrepreneurial competence in groups of students from Pedagogy, Pedagogy of Primary and Pre-school Education, and Special Needs Education. 509 respondents, students in the first and third year of the BA program, from nine public universities, answered the online questionnaire.
The results of the study highlight possible correlations between risk taking and elements of personal creativity, or personal traits, but it could not identify statistically significant differences between the 1st and 3rd year students regarding social entrepreneurial competence.
To identify to what extent the social entrepreneurial competence can be noticed at the level of the student teachers, represents a reference for possible curriculum revision of the academic offers.

Keywords: Education for social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurial competence of teachers, social entrepreneurship in education

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Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic brought about changes both at the socio-economic level and in our private life. The measures that were taken by governments worldwide have generated a model of action, subsequently customized by each nation. Although the implemented measures aimed at proactively reducing the risk of infection, their consequences were multiple. In this context, the education system was forced to rethink the way of carrying out teaching-learning-assessing activities. Our analysis looks into the feeling of emotional security experienced by students during the online courses.
In this context, we conducted a qualitative research, based on the use of the focus group method. The participants in the investigation were students belonging to the 11 departments with a technical profile within the “Gheorghe Asachi” University in Iaşi. We organized three focus groups per year of study – respectively years I, II and III. The aim was to understand the effects of online education on students in the pandemic context from the perspective of “the emotional security feeling”. The objectives focused on identifying the individual difficulties experienced by students and on analyzing the coping strategies they applied. The results highlighted feelings such as fear, anxiety, sadness, insecurity, that worsened with the distance from college and friends. Understanding how the pandemic has affected students is important for teachers in order to identify appropriate ways to come to their support later.

Keywords: Coping strategies, emotional security, online education

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Abstract: As a result of the closure of higher education institutions, students and teachers had to swiftly adapt to online teaching and learning. The need to design learning environments for students implies choices, adjustments and decisions in order to meet not only students’ expectations but also the conditions in which universities had to operate. Our study seeks to explore the innovative practices used by educators that allowed them to form engaging classrooms in a pre-service teacher education programme during the Covid-19 pandemic. The participants of the present study were educators (n=9) from the teacher training department. By making use of a qualitative inquiry, data was collected through participating at semi-structured interviews via ZOOM videotelephony software.
The key findings suggest that the digital instructional setting has been a distinctively challenging experience for university teachers. The sudden shift in institutional teaching activities and conditions reshaped pedagogical practices and challenged the academics to identify and creatively respond to the students’ needs with ingenuity and speed. Therefore, it is paramount that educators retain the advantages of working from home in ways that transform their practice.

Keywords: Covid-19, innovative practices, teacher education, technology

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Abstract: The article presents the conclusions of a research carried out in 2021, in Iaşi County, in order to identify the managerial steps used by disadvantaged school principals in order to ensure access to education for all children. The data collection strategy aimed at a mixed design (quantitative and qualitative) and took place in six disadvantaged schools in Iaşi County, three in urban areas and three in rural areas. Approximately 5,000 children study in these schools, from preschool to high school. 18 databases were analyzed on students’ school results, the remedial programs implemented and the digital technological resources used by schools to ensure equal access to education. The quantitative data were correlated with the qualitative data obtained from the six interviews conducted with school principals. The research findings illustrate that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated problems with access to education. Thus, a quarter of students studying in the six schools included in the research (1167 children out of a total of 4714) studied in the first semester of the 2020-2021 school year only through educational packages and did not benefit from online courses, interaction with colleagues and teachers for an entire semester. Educational projects have been initiated to reduce the negative effects, but the problem remains with lasting consequences.

Keywords: Access to education, educational crisis, managerial strategy

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Abstract: The theory of instructional design has progressively developed, marking the transition from a traditional prescriptive, normative meaning to a modern one, based on various approaches that are opposed to unique recipes and rigid specifications. The knowledge technology which is strictly applied, the rigorous control of the learning stages are no longer the center of attention today, but the way and level of involvement in building knowledge, collaborating through the use of the new information technologies. Technology shapes the way we teach, learn, evaluate, as well as the way we plan and design these activities. As technology does not make teaching better or worse, simpler or more complex, but entirely changes it, teachers are sometimes confused in choosing an adequate instructional planning. During the process of identifying the new tendencies in the field of didactic planning, we focused on the instructional design models that encourage teachers to be creative. We started from some of the explanatory models of technology-based instruction and, in the second part of the study, we designed a didactic activity. The design method is based on the Learning Designer tool, developed by a team led by D. Laurillard. This is a tool that supports the design process, whether learning is mixed or fully online. The tool is web-based and allows designing and sharing learning experiences, supporting the integration of technology in the instructional process.

Keywords: Design, learning, models, technology

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Abstract: School and family are considered to be basic pillars of education, the child moves, as the object and subject of education between them and the community. If these educational environments complement and support each other, then they will influence the efficient integration of the child in school activities and later in social life.
The education system is a space of social interaction, a space in which teachers interact on the one hand with students, and on the other hand establish cooperative relationships with students’ families and other stakeholders in the society. Through every relational contact with students or parents, teachers carry out activities of growth and development, leadership and direction. On class level, the communication relations, the management of the class activity, the socio-affective relations that are established between teachers and students determine the establishment of a psycho-social climate that can favor or disfavor the optimization of the teaching process.
The family-school relationship is important for the student’s school success. Lately, there has been a more consistent involvement of parents in the children’s school activity and a multiplication of personal interactions between school representatives and family members.
This article explores the importance of the relationships between teachers and students, as well as the relationships between school and students’ families due to their role in streamlining learning and developing students’ personalities. The study conducted in a primary school outlines the importance of relational strategies in the school space.

Keywords: Education, family, relationship strategy, school, student

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Abstract: Educational policy is, in a broad sense, the process of driving change and/or introducing innovations into the education system (Haddad & Demsky, 1995; Haheu-Munteanu, 2019). In the work of government, the ministries in charge usually aim to manage this process, starting from the assumed political programs. These imply strategic objectives, action directions or implementation strategies. Sometimes, however, the various crises affecting social systems, and therefore also the education system, require the implementation of contextual solutions, decisions taken under conditions of uncertainty. Given the context of the Covid-19 pandemic and the need to implement measures that meet the need to protect the health of students and teachers, we aim, through this study, to capture the range of attitudes and perceptions related to the policies implemented, as well as the various changes in the professional training of teachers, training “forced” by the need to use technology in online teaching. By means of a sociological survey based on an online questionnaire to Romanian pre-university teachers, we aim to inventory teachers’ reports on some aspects related to the pandemic context: the beginning of the pandemic and the frustration associated with this moment, the pandemic and the development of different digital skills, but also future projections about the desirability of using different tools and digital skills developed during the pandemic in “post-pandemic” teaching activity.

Keywords: Attitudes, Covid-19 pandemic, pre-university education, Romania

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Abstract: Teaching is a social activity with a formative impact on learners, an activity in which communication plays a pivotal role. To aid the delivery of the information, a teacher can rely on both verbal and non-verbal elements. These are useful tools to provide feedback to the students and some can be used in a virtual teaching and learning environment. While distance education may have various limits in ensuring effective communication between the learners and their instructor, there are ways of combating the lack of elements that can lead to ineffective communication. Our mixed methodbased literature review will try to identify the ways in which successful and constructive communication can be established between the learners and the teachers.

Keywords: Effective communication, interaction, literature review, non-verbal communication, verbal communication

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Abstract: Adolescence is among the most studied developmental stages. It represents critical transition stage in human development, characterized by a large amount of changes, to which young people must find creative solutions in order to adapt. Among the most important developmental tasks is the dimension of motivation and, in particular, interests as motivational structures. A convenience sample of 1360 adolescents, aged between 12 and 24 years old, filled in the Questionnaire for Evaluation of Vocational Interests (Cognitrom Assessment System). The objectives and hypotheses of the research are mainly focused on the identification of the existing differences in the area of interests, based on the following criteria: age, gender and environment of provenance. The study identifies a preference of the postadolescents for the social and investigative interests; a preference for artistic, social and realistic interests of girls; and a preference of urban-based adolescents for conventional and investigative interests. Results highlight the importance of identifying the variability of interests for both a better knowledge of this developmental stage and a better organization of the instructive-educational activities, thus supporting the development of career counseling and guidance in schools, high-schools and universities.

Keywords: Academic context, adolescence, interests

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Abstract: The study presents the findings of an experimental research related to the implementation of Project Based Learning in the Erasmus Plus KA201 project Work for an Inclusive School Heritage in Romanian high-schools. One of the projects goals was to develop, to apply and to exchange innovative practices in the 5 countries of the Erasmus partnership (Slovakia, Turkey, Catalonia – Spain, Italy and Romania). The experimental research studied an original Project Based Learning strategy developed from John Dewey’s ideas, Project Citizen and the MAPA methodology for planning funding projects. Teachers from the 5 partner countries were trained and the students from the participant high-schools planned and implemented several social action projects. In Romania we surveyed a sample of 226 students using a validated questionnaire with the majority of questions taken from international literature. The quasi-experimental research proves a statistically significant increase of the students’ positive attitudes toward migrants and minorities, several institutions, civic action, and social inclusion. The desire to participate in solving problems of the community and the level of development of several 21st Century Skills have also improved.

Keywords: Project Based Learning, social inclusion, 21st Century Skills

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Abstract: In the last few decades, researchers in the field of education have paid particular attention to the inclusion of children with special educational needs (SEN) in mainstream schools. Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder have been included among those with special support needs and special educational needs in the USA since 1990, when the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was adopted. In Romania, although there is no specific legislation yet, in 1990 by Law 15, the Romanian Parliament ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which laid the foundations for inclusion of children with special educational needs in mainstream school and society. This study aims to achieve two objectives. The first objective was to explore the relationship between the perception of primary school teachers about the severity of the symptoms of ADHD students, their attitude towards the integration of ADHD students in the school and their knowledge about ADHD. The second objective covered the aspects from the questionnaires applied and from the interview. The results show that the teachers’ attitudes towards the integration of children with ADHD into mainstream schooling are often neutral, that primary school teachers have knowledge of the symptoms, etiology, and treatment of ADHD students, and that there is a mediating effect (Z = 2.02, p = 0.044, p<0.05), which accounts for 36.6% of the total effect. It can be concluded that all the objectives have been achieved and the results can be used to carry out in-service training programs for primary school teachers.

Keywords: ADHD, integration, inclusive school, teachers’ attitudes, teachers’ understanding

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Abstract: In the first three grades of the Romanian primary school, Mathematics and environmental exploration is studied as an integrated discipline. In this configuration, knowledge of the environment through exploratory activities has a relatively small budget of time available, only one hour per week, the priority often being given to Mathematics, due to the requirements of the educational system. In the 3rd and 4th grades, the science study is realized through a new discipline called Nature Sciences, with one hour per week. During the available time, students learn to plan the stages of an investigation, to participate in simple experiments and to check their own assumptions for the already known phenomena or processes. As a result of the limited time dedicated to the study of Science, a series of errors, inaccurate methods and scientific misconceptions (coming from the family, friends, or media) are still perpetuated, until the secondary school.

The article intends to highlight some types of Science learning errors, with examples from the students’ notebooks and worksheets, to identify their possible causes and to create a certain typology for these errors. At the end of the article, a few recommendations are made for the teachers who teach Science in primary school and for the authors of didactical resources for the discipline Nature Sciences, according to the new curriculum.

Keywords: Math and Science curricular area, primary school, science learning errors

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Abstract: The educational system in Romania is facing the new challenge of reintegrating the children that returned in their home country after a period of migration, and the update in the educational procedures is becoming more and more important as the number of the remigrant children is rapidly increasing, the most recent estimations mentioning 150,000-180,000 (Brebuleţ, 2018).

This research investigated the social perception of the remigrant pupils in the educational field (native pupils and teachers) and the potential changes that teachers, schools and the system could implement (from specific activities to institutional update and development of new didactic instruments). The research methodology was quantitative, based on a questionnaire with Likert type scales.

Previous researches in Vrancea county showed the psychological, social and educational effects of remigration, but the updates in the educational system to better respond those needs is more dependent on their perception by the decision makers (teachers and school management) and by the native children. Ideally, the social perception should adequately reflect the educational reality. Still, what happens if the perception of the native children and teachers does not reflect reality? What happens if the majority of children could not identify the problems the remigrants face after returning to Romania? What if the teachers, when planning, implementing and evaluating the educational activities, don’t rely on an adequate knowledge of the difficulties that remigrants have to face, can they support the educational system to better respond to the specific needs of the remigrants?

Keywords: Educational reintegration, remigrants, school development

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Abstract: In a world that seems to lose its axiological landmarks, in which conflicts and aggressiveness are present at any level of society, in various forms, the school is no longer a safe and positive environment for either children or teachers. Bullying is a phenomenon that is implied into school life, having negative effects on the physical and mental health of children, on their personality, as well as on the quality of the educational process.

In this context, through our study, we intend to investigate the extent to which teachers, being aware of the seriousness of the actions subsumed by bullying, are intervening promptly, adopting a series of strategies to prevent and/or combat this phenomenon. At the level of the European Union and beyond, there is an obvious concern for preventing and limiting the school bullying. Consequently, through our investigative approach, in which we included a group of teachers from pre-university education, we also aim to identify the extent to which they are aware of the need for involvement, in order to promote a safe educational climate, to ensure the physical and emotional security of their students.

The results of our research revealed a proactive attitude on behalf of the teachers, who were aware of the importance of their intervention for the development of harmonious relationships among students, for the training/development of their socio-emotional competences, as well as for diminishing/stopping bullying, through mediation, appropriate sanctions, effective collaboration with all the educational partners.

Keywords: Bullying, educational climate, educational relationships, socio-emotional competences, strategies for preventing and combating bullying

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Abstract: As teaching and research are perceived as two core academic activities, various attempts have been made to incorporate research into the teaching process. Literature suggests that the link between research and teaching does not only improve the students’ subject knowledge, but also their critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The present paper focuses on the students’ perception of research integration into the teaching process at the undergraduate education level, second year within the Educational Sciences specialization at the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences. The aim of the study was to understand the way students perceive the research integration in their courses in the context of introducing a new assessment methodology which focuses on this process. The one-group pre-test – post-test research design involved collecting data from 52 students using the Student Perception of Research Integration Questionnaire (SPRIQ). Data analysis revealed that students perceive many potential benefits when research is integrated into the teaching activity, they are more motivated and interested in the way research is carried out in their department, and have a better perception of their learning environment.

Keywords: Assessment methodology, research-teaching relationship, Student Perception of Research Integration Questionnaire (SPRIQ)

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Abstract: The main focus of this article is to highlight the role of creativity in improving school climate. Both, school climate and creativity are two concepts with a large history of research but also with many definitions and explanations. Researches on creativity (Sadler-Smith, 2015; Wallas, 1926) present some phases of the process of creation that help us understand it better. Graham Wallas in Art of Thought (1926) introduces a four-stage model of the creative process including preparation, incubation, illumination and verification and other researchers on the subject developed these ideas. These phases identified by the researchers are developed in the present paper to give readers a clearer image about the concept of creativity. After explaining what creativity means, based on what researchers argue, we will emphasize the importance of both teachers’ and students’ creativity in enhancing the school climate. In a world in which students have a lot of distracters at each corner, teachers must help them to be an active part of the process of teaching and learning. By developing a good relationship with students, by asking them about what they like and guiding them wisely through the process of education, teachers can have more success in achieving their educational goals. The students’ creativity deserves to be valued in schools and can be an essential part of improving the school climate.

Keywords: Creativity, school climate, student’s creativity, school climate improvements, teachers’s creativity

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Abstract: This paper provides a number of aquatic programmes, and critically analyzes methods and techniques used to develop social skills in young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Social skills are interpreted through a ToM theory lens, emphasizing interactions, such as understanding, explaining, predicting, and manipulating the behavior of themselves and others. Based on these elements, the purpose of this review is to study the role of adapted group aquatic programmes and its effect on children with ASD to understand the concept of peers and learning the benefits of two important social skills, teamwork, and relationships. An online search through ProQuest and First Search resulted in seven studies of diverse methodologies. All these studies support the value of these programmes as a means of social skills’ development. Qualitative as well as quantitative data which included, checklists, interviews, and tests, indicated these programmes benefit ASD children’s’ social skills, such as cooperation, communication and increase in self-esteem. Findings suggested that children with ASD have opportunities to make new friends, feel more comfortable in a group and reduce anxiety through swimming. These relationships can continue, as they discover other common interests. More longitudinal studies are needed to develop aquatic activities as an extracurricular activity and the planning process to achieve the intended outcomes. By synchronizing theory with sports activities and teamwork, children with ASD can feel a deep sense of accomplishment upon achievement.

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorders, interactions, social skills, swimming, teamwork

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Abstract: The article is a plea for the use of formative assessment – with a focus on the role of feedback – in order to develop students’ learning, including Learning to learn competence. We deal, mainly, with such aspects related to making learning visible for the students: learning goals, learning success criteria, assessment of learning progress, learning improvement, development of self-efficacy, self-assessment, use of mistakes as opportunities for learning. The view of formative assessment employed belongs to Royce D. Sadler.

Keywords: feedback, formative assessment, learning progress, learning to learn

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Abstract: The education of persons with disabilities is concerning progressively Europe and the entire world, which is why a comparative approach with Romanian situation is needed. The study reviews the main visions, in a diachronic and synchronic manner (the medical, the social and the bio psychosocial model, categorical and no categorical approach), insists on the common evolution of visions, terminology and educational policies in this context, emphasis the connection with curricular policies. At present the indisputable vision of human rights (equality and equity, through the equalisation of opportunities) leads to a progressive focus of policies on an individualised (personalised) approach and less on a categorical one, regarding the education and the fundaments of the school curriculum for children/pupils with disabilities. An identified procrastination of Romania from this point of view – comparing with countries from Euroatlantic space and even some neighbouring countries – makes us responsible for adopting some measures, on short and medium terms, which are possible in the actual legislative context, from the educational perspective.

Keywords: disability, equality and equity, inclusive education, individualisation

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Abstract: The adoption of the Lisbon Strategy (2000) and of the European Reference Framework on Key Competences for Lifelong Learning (2006) launched a competence-based approach in the EU member states education systems. During the last decade the concept of competence greatly influenced the education policy, school curricula and assessment models. The competence approach serves as an Europeanisation tool harmonising the education systems in order to raise their quality and, thus, to make the EU economy competent in the world. The Ukrainian education is under great influence of pan-European tendencies and policies that results in its Europeanisation. The competence approach is one of the tools of this process at the level of school education. Ukraine has travelled long pass from the discussion and definition of competences to the selection and adoption at the nationwide level. Still, this process is accompanied by a number of challenges that make the European experiences significant for the Ukrainian education in the process of its integration into the European education space.

Keywords: competence education, European education space, Europeanization, key competences, secondary education, Ukrainian education

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Abstract: The need for interprofessional collaboration may be condensed in Reid Hoffman’s words “No matter how brilliant your mind or strategy is, if you’re playing a solo game, you’ll always lose out to a team”. In the current social context, there is a strong need for the development of interprofessional collaboration skills, given the increasingly complex problems for which employees need to find solutions. Important steps have been taken at world level to develop interprofessional skills to meet demands by setting up interprofessional work organizations and implementing skills development programs in this direction. Medicines and IT domains are the most advanced in facilitating interprofessional skills development contexts, while the educational and social domains are still in their infancy, being more advanced in some countries. In Romania the interprofessional education is still pioneering, in order to support the process of its development in our country, in this article we propose an interprofessional skills training model for educational and social fields tailored to the training practice at VIA University College, Holstebro, Denmark.

Keywords: higher education, interprofessional collaboration, interprofessional education, training

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Abstract: Articolul analizează integrarea învățământului ucrainean în spațiul educațional european, în condițiile alegerii direcției europene, pentru Ucraina; în contextul integrării învățământului ucrainean în spațiul educațional european, se evidențiază o serie de reforme strategice, cum ar fi: actualizarea potențialului științific și pedagogic existent, punerea în aplicare a oportunităților elevilor și profesorilor ucraineni pentru prognoza, programarea, sprijinul științific și metodic pentru cooperarea în domeniile prioritare ale educației; adoptarea deciziilor strategice de management, care vor crea o foaie de parcurs pentru intrarea sistemului de educație ucrainean în spațiul educațional european; reformarea finanțării sistemului de învățământ; promovarea introducerii celor mai recente abordări științifice și a tehnologiilor educaționale; continuarea democratizării activității instituțiilor de învățământ; îmbunătățirea calității formării viitorilor profesori și a profesorilor universităților pedagogice; promovarea și dezvoltarea cooperării internaționale pentru instituțiile naționale de învățământ; asigurarea condițiilor pentru mobilitatea educațională. S-a stabilit ca una dintre prioritățile integrării sistemului de învățământ, în special a învățământului secundar general din Ucraina, în Spațiul Educațional European, să fie asigurarea calității în conformitate cu standardele europene. Conform Legii educației din 5 septembrie 2017, învățământul secundar general are trei niveluri de educație: învățământul primar care durează patru ani (începând cu vârsta de 6 ani); învățământul secundar de bază care durează cinci ani; învățământ secundar de profil de trei ani. S-a ajuns la concluzia că, în Ucraina, realizarea calității europene a educației va fi un factor puternic în rezolvarea problemelor economice, politice și culturale ale integrării europene a țării noastre, în dezvoltarea societății prospere și democratice. Prin urmare, în procesul de dezvoltare a sistemului național de învățământ, trebuie să se acorde mai multă atenție problemei asigurării calității educației.

Keywords: asigurarea calității, învățământul secundar general, opțiunea de europenizare a Ucrainei, Spațiul Educațional European, standarde europene

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Abstract: Lumea în care trăim este una în permanentă schimbare, restructurare, transformare. Sistemul educaţional trebuie să se racordeze la această lume şi să formeze viitori adulţi responsabili, flexibili, creativi, care să răspundă adecvat solicitărilor din mediul social. Raportându-se la o astfel de ţintă, procesul de învăţământ urmăreşte formarea unor elevi care să dispună de competenţe de comunicare, cognitive şi metacognitive, emoţionale, interculturale, investigative, digitale, civice etc.
Întrebarea care se pune, firesc, în această situaţie, este ce fel de profesori pot forma astfel de elevi. Dincolo de pregătirea iniţială şi continuă pentru profesia didactică, profesorii trebuie să înţeleagă că eficientizarea activităţii didactice implică, în mod necesar, reflecţia asupra acesteia.
Prezentul studiu se focalizează pe conceptul de practică reflectivă, pe delimitarea unor etape ale acestui demers, pe identificarea unor metode şi instrumente specifice practicii reflective (jurnalele de reflecţie, înregistrările video şi audio ale lecţiilor, feed-back-ul etc.) şi, respectiv, pe conturarea unui posibil model de personalitate al profesorului reflectiv, ce își subsumează următoarele dimensiuni: cunoaşterea de sine, cunoaşterea elevilor, cunoaşterea organizaţiei şcolare, cunoaşterea curriculum-ului, cunoştinţe în domeniul pedagogic.
Considerăm că practica reflectivă reprezintă o resursă valoroasă, încă insuficient exploatată, care poate aduce beneficii importante profesorului şi, implicit, elevilor, asigurând succesul şcolar şi, ulterior, profesional şi social.

Keywords: calitatea procesului educaţional, competenţe, practică reflectivă, profesor reflectiv, stil didactic

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Abstract: Violența școlară este o manifestare la fel de veche ca istoria școlii. Formele de realizare, intensitatea și frecvența manifestărilor violente, implicarea diferiților actori ai școlii în inițierea acestora, dar și percepția și toleranța opiniei publice față de formele de violență și actorii ei sunt cele care variază de-a lungul timpului, conferindu-le specificitate și înțelegere diferită. Violența manifestată în spațiul școlar are forme variate de manifestare, iar pentru combaterea și prevenirea ei, esențiale sunt conștientizarea și acceptarea fenomenului în contextul larg al cauzelor care au determinat-o. Prezentul studiu este focalizat pe cauzele violenței școlare, în directă relație cu factorii determinanți ai acesteia (individuali, socio-familiali și școlari), și sunt analizate la trei niveluri diferite de manifestare: violența între elevi, violența elevilor asupra profesorilor, violența profesorilor asupra elevilor.
Prezentul studiu se bazează pe date de anchetă care investighează fenomenul violenței școlare la nivel național, din perspective multiple. Analiza realizată utilizează date cantitative obținute în cadrul unor anchete prin chestionar adresate elevilor, directorilor, profesorilor, consilierilor școlari, precum și date calitative obținute în cadrul unor anchete prin interviuri focalizate de grup realizate cu elevi, cadre didactice, părinți. Analizele întreprinse permit punerea în relație a opiniilor diferiților actori ai școlii asupra cauzelor violenței școlare, care, uneori, sunt antagoniste. Provocarea prezentului studiu nu este determinarea veridicității sau importanței cauzelor violenței școlare identificate de actorii școlii, ci pornind de la aceste cauze vor fi identificate măsuri, strategii, politici a căror implementare ar putea conduce la o vedere unitară a actorilor școlii asupra problematicii violenței școlare și la reducerea și combaterea manifestărilor violente la nivelul școlii.

Keywords: politici educaționale, prevenție și combatere a violenței, violență școlară

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Abstract: Acest articol descrie discursurile competitive despre rolul profesorului la clasă, identificate într-un colegiu teoretic din mediul urban mic, pe baza analizei a 11 interviuri semi-structurate cu profesori de liceu. Interpretarea modului în care profesorii invocă rolul profesorului în poveștile lor identitare, a dezvăluit următoarele discursuri competitive: profesorul trebuie să transmită cunoștințe versus profesorul trebuie să înlesnească înțelegerea; profesorul trebuie să noteze „obiectiv” versus profesorul trebuie să noteze „flexibil”. Argumentul principal al articolului este că în liceul studiat, domină ideea că profesorul trebuie să transmită cunoștințe și să noteze „flexibil”. A nota „flexibil” înseamnă a răspunde așteptărilor părinților, directorului și colegilor de „a da note mari” anumitor elevi și/sau tuturor elevilor. Această așteptare din partea profesorilor este favorizată de politica universităților de a include media generală din anii de liceu, în criteriile de admitere la programele de licență, dar și de politica liceului de a da posibilitatea părinților să aleagă profesorii copiilor lor pe baza unei cereri și dacă există consens între părinți.

Keywords: analiză de discurs, colegiu teoretic, evaluare a elevilor, politici de admitere, programă

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Abstract: Predarea și studierea în străinătate sunt elemente cheie în reducerea izolării regionale a comunității academice. Programele de schimb internațional sunt deosebit de importante pentru dezvoltarea profesională și personală pe care o facilitează, având, de asemenea, un efect pozitiv asupra mediului socio-economic. Aceste mobilități permit fiecărui candidat să câștige o nouă și prețioasă experiență, să învețe limbi străine și să-și dezvolte, exerseze competențele interpersonale în medii culturale diferite. Acest articol furnizează o analiză SWOT privind implementarea politicilor educaționale cu privire la mobilitățile academice din instituțiile de învățământ superior din Bosnia și Herzegovina. Cercetarea presupune un demers calitativ. Metodele de colectare a datelor au fost interviurile semi-structurate cu respondenți cheie, experți în învățământul superior și studiul documentelor (legi, măsuri de implementare, decizii ale consiliilor de administrație universitare). Rezultatele evidențiază ca principale avantaje: transferul de cunoștințe transfrontaliere și numărul crescut de tineri profesioniști cu un nivel ridicat de angajabilitate. Cele mai pregnante bariere sunt atitudinile tributare sistemului de educație anterior și insuficienta promovare a tuturor beneficiilor ce pot fi obținute din acest tip de mobilități. Valoarea acestui articol stă în potențialul său de a sublinia complexitatea țării cu neobișnuit de multe ministere ale educației care afectează mobilitățile academice.

Keywords: învățământ universitar, procesul Bologna, transfer de cunoștințe

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